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Diffstat (limited to 'content/notes')
| -rw-r--r-- | content/notes/making-sense-intel-amd-cpus.md | 191 |
1 files changed, 118 insertions, 73 deletions
diff --git a/content/notes/making-sense-intel-amd-cpus.md b/content/notes/making-sense-intel-amd-cpus.md index 988bcb3..2d7bb8a 100644 --- a/content/notes/making-sense-intel-amd-cpus.md +++ b/content/notes/making-sense-intel-amd-cpus.md @@ -11,20 +11,15 @@ tags: ### Core -The line up for the core family is i3, i5, i7 and i9. As of December -2021, the current generation is Alder Lake (12th generation). +The line up for the core family is i3, i5, i7 and i9. As of January 2023, the current generation is [Raptor Lake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raptor_Lake) (13th generation). The brand modifiers are: - - **i3**: laptops/low-end desktop - **i5**: mainstream users - **i7**: high-end users - **i9**: enthusiast users -How to read a SKU ? Let's use the -[i7-12700K](https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/134594/intel-core-i712700k-processor-25m-cache-up-to-5-00-ghz.html) -processor: - +How to read a SKU ? Let's use the [i7-12700K](https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/134594/intel-core-i712700k-processor-25m-cache-up-to-5-00-ghz.html) processor: - **i7**: high end users - **12**: 12th generation - **700**: SKU digits, usually assigned in the order the processors @@ -51,23 +46,50 @@ List of suffixes: > is made with the an unlocked clock multiplier. When used with some > specific chipset, it's possible to overclock the processor. -#### Sockets/Chipsets +#### Raptor Lake (13th generation) -For the Alder Lake generation, the supported socket is the -[LGA<sub>1700</sub>](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1700). +Raptor lake is an hybrid architecture, featuring both P-cores (performance cores) and E-cores (efficient cores), similar to Alder lake. P-cores are based on the [Raptor cove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Cove#Raptor_Cove) architecture, while the E-cores are based on the [Gracemont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)) architecture (same as for Alder lake). -For now only supported chipset for Alder Lake are: +Available processors: + +| model | p-cores | e-cores | GHz (base) | GHz (boosted) | TDP | +|------------|---------|---------|------------|---------------|----------| +| i9-13900KS | 8 (16) | 16 | 3.2/2.4 | 6/4.3 | 150/253W | +| i9-13900K | 8 (16) | 16 | 3.0/2.0 | 5.8/4.3 | 125/253W | +| i9-13900KF | 8 (16) | 16 | 3.0/2.0 | 5.8/4.3 | 125/253W | +| i9-13900 | 8 (16) | 16 | 2.0/1.5 | 5.2/4.2 | 65/219W | +| i9-13900F | 8 (16) | 16 | 2.0/1.5 | 5.2/4.2 | 65/219W | +| i9-13900T | 8 (16) | 16 | 1.1/0.8 | 5.1/3.9 | 35/219W | +| i7-13700K | 8 (16) | 8 | 3.4/2.5 | 5.4/4.2 | 125/253W | +| i7-13700KF | 8 (16) | 8 | 3.4/2.5 | 5.4/4.2 | 125/253W | +| i7-13700 | 8 (16) | 8 | 2.1/1.5 | 5.1/4.1 | 65/219W | +| i7-13700F | 8 (16) | 8 | 2.1/1.5 | 5.1/4.1 | 65/219W | +| i7-13700T | 8 (16) | 8 | 1.4/1.0 | 4.8/3.6 | 35/106W | +| i5-13600K | 6 (12) | 8 | 3.5/2.6 | 5.1/3.9 | 125/181W | +| i5-13600KF | 6 (12) | 8 | 3.5/2.6 | 5.1/3.9 | 125/181W | + +For the Raptor Lake generation, as for the Alder lake generation, the supported socket is the [LGA<sub>1700</sub>](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1700). + +List of Raptor lake chipsets: +| feature | b760[^7] | h770[^8] | z790[^9] | +|-----------------------------|----------|----------|----------| +| P and E cores over clocking | no | no | yes | +| memory over clocking | yes | yes | yes | +| DMI 4 lanes | 4 | 8 | 8 | +| chipset PCIe 5.0 lanes | | | | +| chipset PCIe 4.0 lanes | | | | +| chipset PCIe 3.0 lanes | | | | +| SATA 3.0 ports | up to 4 | up to 8 | up to 8 | + +#### Alder Lake (12th generation) -| feature | [z690](https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/218833/intel-z690-chipset.html) | [h670](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/218831/intel-h670-chipset/specifications.html) | [b660](https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/218832/intel-b660-chipset.html) | [h610](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/218829/intel-h610-chipset/specifications.html) | -|-----------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| -| P and E cores over clocking | yes | no | no | no | -| memory over clocking | yes | yes | yes | no | -| DMI 4 lanes | 8 | 8 | 4 | 4 | -| chipset PCIe 4.0 lanes | up to 12 | up to 12 | up to 6 | none | -| chipset PCIe 3.0 lanes | up to 16 | up to 12 | up to 8 | 8 | -| SATA 3.0 ports | up to 8 | up to 8 | 4 | 4 | +Alder lake is an hybrid architecture, featuring both P-cores (performance cores) and E-cores (efficient cores). P-cores are based on the [Golden Cove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Cove) architecture, while the E-cores are based on the [Gracemont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)) architecture. -### Alder Lake (12th generation) +This is a [good article](https://www.anandtech.com/show/16881/a-deep-dive-into-intels-alder-lake-microarchitectures/2) to read about this model. Inside the processor there's a microcontroller that monitors what each thread is doing. This can be used by the OS scheduler to hint on which core a thread should be scheduled on (between performance or efficiency). + +As of December 2021 this is not yet properly supported by the Linux kernel. + +Available processors: | model | p-cores | e-cores | GHz (base) | GHz (boosted) | TDP | |------------|---------|---------|------------|---------------|------| @@ -81,37 +103,31 @@ For now only supported chipset for Alder Lake are: - support DDR4 and DDR5 (up to DDR5-4800) - support PCIe 4.0 and 5.0 (16 PCIe 5.0 and 4 PCIe 4.0) -The socket used is the [LGA -1700](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1700). +For the Alder Lake generation, the supported socket is the [LGA<sub>1700</sub>](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1700). -Alder lake is an hybrid architecture, featuring both P-cores -(performance cores) and E-cores (efficient cores). P-cores are based on -the [Golden Cove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Cove) -architecture, while the E-cores are based on the -[Gracemont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)) -architecture. - -This is a [good -article](https://www.anandtech.com/show/16881/a-deep-dive-into-intels-alder-lake-microarchitectures/2) -to read about this model. Inside the processor there's a microcontroller -that monitors what each thread is doing. This can be used by the OS -scheduler to hint on which core a thread should be scheduled on (between -performance or efficiency). +For now only supported chipset for Alder Lake are: -As of December 2021 this is not yet properly supported by the Linux -kernel. +| feature | z690[^1] | h670[^2] | b660[^3] | h610[^4] | q670[^6] | w680[^5] | +|-----------------------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------| +| P and E cores over clocking | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | +| memory over clocking | yes | yes | yes | no | - | yes | +| DMI 4 lanes | 8 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8 | +| chipset PCIe 4.0 lanes | up to 12 | up to 12 | up to 6 | none | | | +| chipset PCIe 3.0 lanes | up to 16 | up to 12 | up to 8 | 8 | | | +| SATA 3.0 ports | up to 8 | up to 8 | 4 | 4 | up to 8 | up to 8 | ### Xeon -Xeon is the brand of Intel processor designed for non-consumer servers -and workstations. The most recent generations are: +Xeon is the brand of Intel processor designed for non-consumer servers and workstations. The most recent generations are: -- Skylake (2017) -- Cascade lake (2019) -- Cooper lake (2020) +| name | availability | +|-----------------|--------------| +| Skylake | 2015 | +| Cascade lake | 2019 | +| Cooper lake | 2022 | +| Sapphire rapids | 2023 | The following brand identifiers are used: - - platinium - gold - silver @@ -121,56 +137,45 @@ The following brand identifiers are used: ### Ryzen -There are multiple generation for this brand of processors. They are -based on the [zen micro -architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen_(microarchitecture)). -The current (as of December 2021) generation is Ryzen 5000. +There are multiple generation for this brand of processors. They are based on the [zen micro architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen_(microarchitecture)). + +The current (as of January 2023) generation is Ryzen 7000. The brand modifiers are: - ryzen 3: entry level - ryzen 5: mainstream - ryzen 9: high end performance -- ryzen 9:enthusiast +- ryzen 9: enthusiast List of suffixes: -| suffix | meaning | -|--------|--------------------------------------------| -| X | high performance | -| G | integrated graphics | -| T | power optimized lifecycle | -| S | low power desktop with integrated graphics | -| H | high performance mobile | -| U | standard mobile | -| M | low power mobile | +| suffix | meaning | +|--------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------| +| X | high performance | +| G | integrated graphics | +| T | power optimized lifecycle | +| S | low power desktop with integrated graphics | +| H | high performance mobile | +| U | standard mobile | +| M | low power mobile | +| 3D | feature [3D V-cache technology](https://www.amd.com/en/technologies/3d-v-cache) | ### EPYC -EPYC is the AMD brand of processors for the server market, based on the -zen architecture. They use the -[SP3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_SP3) socket. The EPYC -processor is chipset free. +EPYC is the AMD brand of processors for the server market, based on the zen architecture. They use the [SP3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_SP3) socket. The EPYC processor is chipset free. ### Threadripper -The threadripper is for high performance desktop. It uses the -[TR4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_TR4) socket. At the moment -there's only one chipset that supports this process, the -[X399](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_chipsets#TR4_chipsets). +The threadripper is for high performance desktop. It uses the [TR4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_TR4) socket. At the moment there's only one chipset that supports this process, the [X399](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_AMD_chipsets#TR4_chipsets). -The threadripper based on zen3 architecture is not yet released, but -it's expected to hit the market in the first half of Q1 2022. +The threadripper based on zen3 architecture is not yet released, but it's expected to hit the market in the first half of Q1 2022. ### Sockets/Chipsets -The majority of these processors use the [AM4 -socket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_AM4). The threadripper line -uses different sockets. +The majority of these processors use the [AM4 socket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_AM4). The threadripper line uses different sockets. -There are multiple -[chipset](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_AM4#Chipsets) for the AM4 -socket. The more advanced ones are the B550 and the X570. +There are multiple [chipset](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socket_AM4#Chipsets) for the AM4 socket. The more advanced ones are the B550 and the X570. The threadripper processors use the TR4, sTRX4 and sWRX8 sockets. @@ -189,3 +194,43 @@ Zen 3 was released in November 2020. - support PCIe 3.0 and PCIe 4.0 (except for the G series) - only support DDR4 (up to DDR4-3200) + +### Zen 4 + +Zen 4 was released in September 2022. + +- only supports DDR 5 +- all desktop processors feature 28 (24 + 4) PCIe 5.0 lanes +- all desktop processors feature 2 x 4 lane PCIe interfaces (mostly for M.2 storage devices) + +| model | cores | GHz (base) | GHz (boosted) | TDP | +|-----------------|---------|------------|---------------|------| +| ryzen 5 7600x | 6 (12) | 4.7 | 5.3 | 105W | +| ryzen 5 7600 | 6 (12) | 3.8 | 5.1 | 65W | +| ryzen 7 7800X3D | 8 (16) | | 5.0 | 120W | +| ryzen 7 7700X | 8 (16) | 4.5 | 5.4 | 105W | +| ryzen 7 7700 | 8 (16) | 3.8 | 5.3 | 65W | +| ryzen 9 7900 | 12 (24) | 3.7 | 5.4 | 65W | +| ryzen 9 7900X | 12 (24) | 4.7 | 5.6 | 170W | +| ryzen 9 7900X3D | 12 (24) | 4.4 | 5.6 | 120W | +| ryzen 9 7950X | 16 (32) | 4.5 | 5.7 | 170W | +| ryzen 9 7950X3D | 16 (32) | 4.2 | 5.7 | 120W | + + +[^1]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/218833/intel-z690-chipset.html + +[^2]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/218831/intel-h670-chipset/specifications.html + +[^3]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/218832/intel-b660-chipset.html + +[^4]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/218829/intel-h610-chipset/specifications.html + +[^5]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/218834/intel-w680-chipset.html + +[^6]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/218827/intel-q670-chipset.html + +[^7]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/229719/intel-b760-chipset/specifications.html + +[^8]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/229720/intel-h770-chipset.html + +[^9]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/229721/intel-z790-chipset/specifications.html |