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diff --git a/content/notes/making-sense-intel-amd-cpus.md b/content/notes/making-sense-intel-amd-cpus.md index 2d7bb8a..75392c6 100644 --- a/content/notes/making-sense-intel-amd-cpus.md +++ b/content/notes/making-sense-intel-amd-cpus.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ --- title: Making sense of Intel and AMD CPUs naming date: 2021-12-29 -tags: - - amd - - intel - - cpu --- ## Intel @@ -14,22 +10,24 @@ tags: The line up for the core family is i3, i5, i7 and i9. As of January 2023, the current generation is [Raptor Lake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raptor_Lake) (13th generation). The brand modifiers are: -- **i3**: laptops/low-end desktop -- **i5**: mainstream users -- **i7**: high-end users -- **i9**: enthusiast users + +- **i3**: laptops/low-end desktop +- **i5**: mainstream users +- **i7**: high-end users +- **i9**: enthusiast users How to read a SKU ? Let's use the [i7-12700K](https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/134594/intel-core-i712700k-processor-25m-cache-up-to-5-00-ghz.html) processor: -- **i7**: high end users -- **12**: 12th generation -- **700**: SKU digits, usually assigned in the order the processors - are developed -- **K**: unlocked + +- **i7**: high end users +- **12**: 12th generation +- **700**: SKU digits, usually assigned in the order the processors + are developed +- **K**: unlocked List of suffixes: | suffix | meaning | -|--------|----------------------------------------| +| ------ | -------------------------------------- | | G.. | integrated graphics | | E | embedded | | F | require discrete graphic card | @@ -48,12 +46,12 @@ List of suffixes: #### Raptor Lake (13th generation) -Raptor lake is an hybrid architecture, featuring both P-cores (performance cores) and E-cores (efficient cores), similar to Alder lake. P-cores are based on the [Raptor cove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Cove#Raptor_Cove) architecture, while the E-cores are based on the [Gracemont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)) architecture (same as for Alder lake). +Raptor lake is an hybrid architecture, featuring both P-cores (performance cores) and E-cores (efficient cores), similar to Alder lake. P-cores are based on the [Raptor cove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Cove#Raptor_Cove) architecture, while the E-cores are based on the [Gracemont](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)>) architecture (same as for Alder lake). Available processors: | model | p-cores | e-cores | GHz (base) | GHz (boosted) | TDP | -|------------|---------|---------|------------|---------------|----------| +| ---------- | ------- | ------- | ---------- | ------------- | -------- | | i9-13900KS | 8 (16) | 16 | 3.2/2.4 | 6/4.3 | 150/253W | | i9-13900K | 8 (16) | 16 | 3.0/2.0 | 5.8/4.3 | 125/253W | | i9-13900KF | 8 (16) | 16 | 3.0/2.0 | 5.8/4.3 | 125/253W | @@ -71,19 +69,19 @@ Available processors: For the Raptor Lake generation, as for the Alder lake generation, the supported socket is the [LGA<sub>1700</sub>](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1700). List of Raptor lake chipsets: -| feature | b760[^7] | h770[^8] | z790[^9] | +| feature | b760[^7] | h770[^8] | z790[^9] | |-----------------------------|----------|----------|----------| -| P and E cores over clocking | no | no | yes | -| memory over clocking | yes | yes | yes | -| DMI 4 lanes | 4 | 8 | 8 | -| chipset PCIe 5.0 lanes | | | | -| chipset PCIe 4.0 lanes | | | | -| chipset PCIe 3.0 lanes | | | | -| SATA 3.0 ports | up to 4 | up to 8 | up to 8 | +| P and E cores over clocking | no | no | yes | +| memory over clocking | yes | yes | yes | +| DMI 4 lanes | 4 | 8 | 8 | +| chipset PCIe 5.0 lanes | | | | +| chipset PCIe 4.0 lanes | | | | +| chipset PCIe 3.0 lanes | | | | +| SATA 3.0 ports | up to 4 | up to 8 | up to 8 | #### Alder Lake (12th generation) -Alder lake is an hybrid architecture, featuring both P-cores (performance cores) and E-cores (efficient cores). P-cores are based on the [Golden Cove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Cove) architecture, while the E-cores are based on the [Gracemont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)) architecture. +Alder lake is an hybrid architecture, featuring both P-cores (performance cores) and E-cores (efficient cores). P-cores are based on the [Golden Cove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Cove) architecture, while the E-cores are based on the [Gracemont](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)>) architecture. This is a [good article](https://www.anandtech.com/show/16881/a-deep-dive-into-intels-alder-lake-microarchitectures/2) to read about this model. Inside the processor there's a microcontroller that monitors what each thread is doing. This can be used by the OS scheduler to hint on which core a thread should be scheduled on (between performance or efficiency). @@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ As of December 2021 this is not yet properly supported by the Linux kernel. Available processors: | model | p-cores | e-cores | GHz (base) | GHz (boosted) | TDP | -|------------|---------|---------|------------|---------------|------| +| ---------- | ------- | ------- | ---------- | ------------- | ---- | | i9-12900K | 8 (16) | 8 | 3.2/2.4 | 5.1/3.9 | 241W | | i9-12900KF | 8 (16) | 8 | 3.2/2.4 | 5.1/3.9 | 241W | | i7-12700K | 8 (16) | 4 | 3.6/2.7 | 4.9/3.8 | 190W | @@ -100,15 +98,15 @@ Available processors: | i5-12600K | 6 (12) | 4 | 3.7/2.8 | 4.9/3.6 | 150W | | i5-12600KF | 6 (12) | 4 | 3.7/2.8 | 4.9/3.6 | 150W | -- support DDR4 and DDR5 (up to DDR5-4800) -- support PCIe 4.0 and 5.0 (16 PCIe 5.0 and 4 PCIe 4.0) +- support DDR4 and DDR5 (up to DDR5-4800) +- support PCIe 4.0 and 5.0 (16 PCIe 5.0 and 4 PCIe 4.0) For the Alder Lake generation, the supported socket is the [LGA<sub>1700</sub>](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGA_1700). For now only supported chipset for Alder Lake are: | feature | z690[^1] | h670[^2] | b660[^3] | h610[^4] | q670[^6] | w680[^5] | -|-----------------------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------| +| --------------------------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | P and E cores over clocking | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | | memory over clocking | yes | yes | yes | no | - | yes | | DMI 4 lanes | 8 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8 | @@ -121,37 +119,38 @@ For now only supported chipset for Alder Lake are: Xeon is the brand of Intel processor designed for non-consumer servers and workstations. The most recent generations are: | name | availability | -|-----------------|--------------| +| --------------- | ------------ | | Skylake | 2015 | | Cascade lake | 2019 | | Cooper lake | 2022 | | Sapphire rapids | 2023 | The following brand identifiers are used: -- platinium -- gold -- silver -- bronze + +- platinium +- gold +- silver +- bronze ## AMD ### Ryzen -There are multiple generation for this brand of processors. They are based on the [zen micro architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen_(microarchitecture)). +There are multiple generation for this brand of processors. They are based on the [zen micro architecture](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen_(microarchitecture)>). The current (as of January 2023) generation is Ryzen 7000. The brand modifiers are: -- ryzen 3: entry level -- ryzen 5: mainstream -- ryzen 9: high end performance -- ryzen 9: enthusiast +- ryzen 3: entry level +- ryzen 5: mainstream +- ryzen 9: high end performance +- ryzen 9: enthusiast List of suffixes: | suffix | meaning | -|--------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------| +| ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | X | high performance | | G | integrated graphics | | T | power optimized lifecycle | @@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ The threadripper processors use the TR4, sTRX4 and sWRX8 sockets. Zen 3 was released in November 2020. | model | cores | GHz (base) | GHz (boosted) | PCIe lanes | TDP | -|---------------|---------|------------|---------------|------------|------| +| ------------- | ------- | ---------- | ------------- | ---------- | ---- | | ryzen 5 5600x | 6 (12) | 3.7 | 4.6 | 24 | 65W | | ryzen 7 5800 | 8 (16) | 3.4 | 4.6 | 24 | 65W | | ryzen 7 5800x | 8 (16) | 3.8 | 4.7 | 24 | 105W | @@ -192,8 +191,8 @@ Zen 3 was released in November 2020. | ryzen 9 5900x | 12 (24) | 3.7 | 4.8 | 24 | 105W | | ryzen 9 5950x | 16 (32) | 3.4 | 4.9 | 24 | 105W | -- support PCIe 3.0 and PCIe 4.0 (except for the G series) -- only support DDR4 (up to DDR4-3200) +- support PCIe 3.0 and PCIe 4.0 (except for the G series) +- only support DDR4 (up to DDR4-3200) ### Zen 4 @@ -204,7 +203,7 @@ Zen 4 was released in September 2022. - all desktop processors feature 2 x 4 lane PCIe interfaces (mostly for M.2 storage devices) | model | cores | GHz (base) | GHz (boosted) | TDP | -|-----------------|---------|------------|---------------|------| +| --------------- | ------- | ---------- | ------------- | ---- | | ryzen 5 7600x | 6 (12) | 4.7 | 5.3 | 105W | | ryzen 5 7600 | 6 (12) | 3.8 | 5.1 | 65W | | ryzen 7 7800X3D | 8 (16) | | 5.0 | 120W | @@ -216,7 +215,6 @@ Zen 4 was released in September 2022. | ryzen 9 7950X | 16 (32) | 4.5 | 5.7 | 170W | | ryzen 9 7950X3D | 16 (32) | 4.2 | 5.7 | 120W | - [^1]: https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/218833/intel-z690-chipset.html [^2]: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/218831/intel-h670-chipset/specifications.html |