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The guts +of this functionality are the same regardless of implementation. On the +server, a tile cutter processes a large image, and constructs an image +pyramid. The image pyramid is a hierarchical structure composed of n +levels of the same image at different resolutions. Starting with the +bottom level as the original image, each successive level reduces the +image size by half, and the process is repeated log_2( max( width, +height)) times until finally an image of only 1 pixel (average of +entire image) is generated as the top of the pyramid. Each level’s +image is split into a set of fixed size tiles. A web browser client +implementation ( flash, ajax, etc) constructs a zoom interface, +that responds to zoom in events by moving the viewport progressively +further down the pyramid, showing tile images of the larger resolution +to give the effect of zooming into an image. A nice illustrated write +up of the concept can be found <a href="http://gasi.ch/blog/inside-deep-zoom-1/">here</a>. I’ve probably made it sound more complicated than it really is.</p> +<p>The initial implementation I was working with utilized <a href="http://openlayers.org/">OpenLayers</a>, which implements a client for accessing OpenGIS Web Feature Servers (<a href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wfs">WFS</a>) and Web Mapping Servers (<a href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wms">WMS</a>). +Unfortunately the size of the library seems to be constantly increasing +(~200K in the last year) and currently weighs in at 560K uncompressed, +and requires a special implementation to serve up the tile images, ie. +a WMS Compliant system, in this case <a href="http://tilecache.org/">TileCache</a>. For scaling and efficiency purposes, I’d much prefer to directly serve these images off a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Delivery_Network">CDN</a>, disk (<a href="http://nginx.net/">nginx</a>), or via <a href="http://varnish.projects.linpro.no/">varnish</a> +and bypass any application code. Additionally the sheer size of the +OpenLayers code was unwieldy for the integrations requirements I had, +which did not include any GIS functionality.</p> +<p>Surveying the land for other non-commercial image viewers, turned up a few of interest. <a href="http://code.google.com/p/panojs/">GSIV</a> +( Giant Scalable Image Viewer), was a fairly basic but capable +javascript based viewer, that fit my requirements bill, small size at +26Kb uncompressed, and focused on pan and zoom functionality (<a href="http://www.mojavelinux.com/cooker/demos/gsv/">demo</a>). +However as a project it appears to be abandoned, and hasn’t been +touched in two years, although several patches have been submitted +which retrofit the implementation using jquery are extant.</p> +<p>I came across <a href="http://modestmaps.com/">ModestMaps</a> next, which is a flash (2 & 3 ) based implementation, with a small size (<a href="http://modestmaps.com/example.html">demo</a>). +One nice feature of modest maps, is that it performs interpolation +between successive levels giving a smooth zoom experience to an end +user unlike somewhat jerky experience that GSIV produced. Unfortunately +being flash based meant a whole different chain of development tools. I +looked around at what was available for an opensource flash compiler +toolchain and found <a href="http://www.mtasc.org/">MTASC</a> (Motion Twin Action Script Compiler ) and <a href="http://www.haxe.org/">Haxe</a>. +In the end i decided against it, partly due to its GIS focus, and the +customization/ maintenance cost for developing on propretiary platform +(Flash). Despite that, i think its the best of the opensource viewer +implementations if your already have/use an adobe flash development +stack.</p> +<p>I was set on using GSIV, and then i came across a<a href="http://ajaxian.com/archives/seadragon"> blurb on ajaxian</a> +about Seadragon Ajax and Deep Zoom from Microsoft’s Live Labs. +Microsoft’s done some impressive work with image manipulation over the +last few years. The <a href="http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/blaise_aguera_y_arcas_demos_photosynth.html">PhotoSynth TED talk</a> is one of the most impressive technology demos i’ve seen to date. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Zoom">Deep Zoom</a> is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silverlight">SilverLight</a> technology ( more propretiary platform lockin), that allows for multiscale image zooming with smooth zooming. The<a href="http://livelabs.com/seadragon-ajax/library/"> Seadragon Ajax</a> +is a javascript implementation of the same functionality in a 154k +library ( 20k minimized and gzipped). It fit the bill perfectly, +standards (javascript) based, image zoom and pan, with a great user +experience. One problem unlike all the other tools mentioned here, +which have python based tile cutting implementations, Deep Zoom was +utilizing a Windows only based program to process images and cut tiles. +I had a couple of hundred gigabytes of images to cut, and not a windows +system in sight. But based on this <a href="http://gasi.ch/blog/inside-deep-zoom-2/">excellent blog write up by Daniel Gasienica</a>, +I constructed a python program using PIL that can be used as a command +line tool or library for constructing Deep Zoom Compatible image +pyramids. It can be found <a href="http://kapilt.com/files/seadragon.py">here</a>, +hopefully its useful to others. As a bonus, it runs in a fraction of +the memory (1/6 by my measurements) needed by the GSIV image tile +cutter and faster as well ( 100 images in 5m vs 1.25hr). Unfortunately +the Seadragon Ajax Library is not opensource, but non commercial usage +seems to be okay with the license, and i’ll give it over to some +lawyers to figure it out.</p> +<p>To process the several hundred gigabytes of images, i utilized this library and wrote a batch driver utilizing <a href="http://pyprocessing.berlios.de/">pyprocessing remote queues</a>, a small <a href="http://pypi.python.org/pypi/zc.buildout">zc.buildout</a> and <a href="http://code.google.com/p/cloudcontrol/">cloudcontrol</a> to process the images across a cluster, but thats left as an implementation detail for the reader <img src="Viewing%20Large%20Images%20with%20Seadragon%20and%20Pythonhtml_files/icon_smile.gif" alt=":-)" class="wp-smiley"> </p> +<p><a href="http://kapilt.com/files/seadragon.py">Python Deep Zoom TileCutter</a></p> +</div> </div> + + <p class="postmetadata">Posted in <a href="http://en.wordpress.com/tag/python/" title="View all posts in python" rel="category tag">python</a> | 14 Comments</p> + +<!-- You can start editing here. --> + +<h3 id="comments">14 Responses to “Viewing Large Images - OpenLayers, GSIV, ModestMaps, DeepZoom, and Python”</h3> + + <ol class="commentlist"> + <li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-68"> + <div id="div-comment-68"> + <div class="cmtinfo"><em> on <a href="#comment-68" title="">November 30, 2008 at 6:03 am</a></em> <img alt="" src="Viewing%20Large%20Images%20with%20Seadragon%20and%20Pythonhtml_files/139f37ae067ee7e473f71e849f63e82f.png" class="avatar avatar-48" width="48" height="48"> <cite><a href="http://akishore.com/" rel="external nofollow" class="url">Aseem Kishore</a></cite></div> + + <p>Hi Kapil,</p> +<p>I’m part of the Seadragon Ajax team, and it’s great to hear that you +like our work! Please feel free to pass on feedback as you use it. =)</p> +<p>Best,<br> +Aseem</p> + <br style="clear: both;"> + </div> +</li> + <li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-70"> + <div id="div-comment-70"> + <div class="cmtinfo"><em> on <a href="#comment-70" title="">November 30, 2008 at 5:26 pm</a></em> <img alt="" src="Viewing%20Large%20Images%20with%20Seadragon%20and%20Pythonhtml_files/ba08a1813ff5e44f655ee9ea58d1c992.png" class="avatar avatar-48" width="48" height="48"> <cite>Henning</cite></div> + + <p>Sounds interesting. As you already have investigated those libraries, you could perhaps help me.<br> +I was thinking about creating an AJAX function plotter (using +matplotlib). Until now I only found OpenLayers but I don’t need these +GIS features. What would you suggest for my project? I am mainly +interested in the interactive dragging and zooming feature. The image +would be generated on the fly.</p> + <br style="clear: both;"> + </div> +</li> + <li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-71"> + <div id="div-comment-71"> + <div class="cmtinfo"><em> on <a href="#comment-71" title="">November 30, 2008 at 7:44 pm</a></em> <img alt="" src="Viewing%20Large%20Images%20with%20Seadragon%20and%20Pythonhtml_files/81955202e1a0524d206bd3f7b3967065.png" class="avatar avatar-48" width="48" height="48"> <cite><a href="http://iipimage.sourceforge.net/" rel="external nofollow" class="url">Ruven</a></cite></div> + + <p>Another image viewer you may be interested in is IIPImage (<a href="http://iipimage.sf.net/" rel="nofollow">http://iipimage.sf.net</a>) +which is a fully Open Source system with various alternative clients +such as a flash, java and ajax. I’m the maintainer, so possibly biased <img src="Viewing%20Large%20Images%20with%20Seadragon%20and%20Pythonhtml_files/icon_wink.gif" alt=";)" class="wp-smiley"> </p> +<p>One advantage is that we can run off a single TIFF file rather than +having to store thousands of tile pieces. On the other hand, it +requires you to install an FCGI server.</p> +<p>Anyway, it’ll be interesting to see how this Deep Zoom format develops.</p> + <br style="clear: both;"> + </div> +</li> + <li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-74"> + <div id="div-comment-74"> + <div class="cmtinfo"><em> on <a href="#comment-74" title="">December 1, 2008 at 9:24 am</a></em> <img alt="" src="Viewing%20Large%20Images%20with%20Seadragon%20and%20Pythonhtml_files/7e5c476f7ed6fcbb67eee738e304f066.jpeg" class="avatar avatar-48" width="48" height="48"> <cite><a href="http://mockit.blogspot.com/" rel="external nofollow" class="url">Malthe</a></cite></div> + + <p>Long +time ago I had a similar requirement; I ended up converting all image +files to uncompressed 32-bit TIFF files and wrote the image cutter in +C, then piped the result to an imagemagick converter.</p> + <br style="clear: both;"> + </div> +</li> + <li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-75"> + <div id="div-comment-75"> + <div class="cmtinfo"><em> on <a href="#comment-75" title="">December 1, 2008 at 5:28 pm</a></em> <img alt="" src="Viewing%20Large%20Images%20with%20Seadragon%20and%20Pythonhtml_files/0491830b8e929f46ffba2b9e3920b307.png" class="avatar avatar-48" width="48" height="48"> <cite><a href="http://crschmidt.net/" rel="external nofollow" class="url">Christopher Schmidt</a></cite></div> + + <p>It looks like you’ve already moved on, but I wanted to point out two things about OpenLayers for the record:</p> +<p> 1. OpenLayers supports custom build profiles including only the +pieces you care about. A simple map — just dragging and WMS tiles — +clocks in at about 110k — and has been within 20% of that for most of +the 2.x series (now two years running). Information on using the build +tools to build your own build are available at <a href="http://trac.openlayers.org/wiki/Profiles" rel="nofollow">http://trac.openlayers.org/wiki/Profiles</a> +. Once you take the 110k and run it through gzip, you’re down to ~25k — +not that much larger than the binary ModestMaps builds that I checked +out (which clocked in at 18kb, but didn’t compress much/at all with +gzip).</p> +<p> 2. OpenLayers can load all kinds of tiles, including tiles stored in a flat filesystem on a CDN or similar. <a href="http://trac.openlayers.org/wiki/UsingCustomTiles" rel="nofollow">http://trac.openlayers.org/wiki/UsingCustomTiles</a> +documents how, and even documents how to set up OpenLayers for +projectionless images, which is what you’re currently working with +based on my quick skim.</p> +<p>This isn’t to say that OpenLayers is always the right tool, but +using the TMS layer and custom profiles would probably significantly +change the experience with regard to the two complaints that you had +with OpenLayers.</p> +<p>(Also, I’m clearly biased an OpenLayers + TileCache developer.)</p> + <br style="clear: both;"> + </div> +</li> + <li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-76"> + <div id="div-comment-76"> + <div class="cmtinfo"><em> on <a href="#comment-76" title="">December 1, 2008 at 8:59 pm</a></em> <img alt="" src="Viewing%20Large%20Images%20with%20Seadragon%20and%20Pythonhtml_files/317094104136ef2e6487bf5a61fb8217.png" class="avatar avatar-48" width="48" height="48"> <cite>Vince</cite></div> + + <p>@ Henning,</p> +<p>Have you tried Flot:</p> +<p><a href="http://code.google.com/p/flot/" rel="nofollow">http://code.google.com/p/flot/</a></p> +<p>Vince</p> + <br style="clear: both;"> + </div> +</li> + <li class="pingback even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-77"> + <div id="div-comment-77"> + <div class="cmtinfo"><em> on <a href="#comment-77" title="">December 2, 2008 at 12:19 am</a></em> <cite><a href="http://botd.wordpress.com/2008/12/01/top-posts-948/" rel="external nofollow" class="url">Top Posts « WordPress.com</a></cite></div> + + <p>[...] +Viewing Large Images - OpenLayers, GSIV, ModestMaps, DeepZoom, and +Python Lately I’ve been experimenting with displaying very large images +on the internet via a web browser, with pan and [...] [...]</p> + <br style="clear: both;"> + </div> +</li> + <li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-78"> + <div id="div-comment-78"> + <div class="cmtinfo"><em> on <a href="#comment-78" title="">December 2, 2008 at 5:22 pm</a></em> <img alt="" src="Viewing%20Large%20Images%20with%20Seadragon%20and%20Pythonhtml_files/51add0b18aa2a784ee43ecd046b99724.png" class="avatar avatar-48" width="48" height="48"> <cite><a href="http://www.ridethecity.com/" rel="external nofollow" class="url">Jordan Anderson</a></cite></div> + + <p>I’m +currently using OpenLayers and TileCache with Amazon’s new CoudFront +CDN service on a development version of ridethecity.com (soon to be +released to the public).</p> +<p>I used TileCache with Geoserver to generate several thousand PNG tiles using its seed script. Then I:</p> +<p>1. Uploaded the images to Amazon S3 using the directory structure generated by TileCache<br> +2. Created a CloudFront distribution<br> +3. Turned off both TileCache and Geoserver (since I seeded 100% of the +zoom levels and extent I’m dealing with — in my case, New York City and +environs)<br> +4. Used OpenLayers’ Tile Map Service (TMS) support to grab the correct tiles from CloudFront</p> +<p>Wow, it’s fast. And my bill last month — even after all the PNG PUT +requests and prorating to account for the partial month of CloudFront +service — was just under one dollar.</p> + <br style="clear: both;"> + </div> +</li> + <li class="pingback even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-79"> + <div id="div-comment-79"> + <div class="cmtinfo"><em> on <a href="#comment-79" title="">December 10, 2008 at 11:02 pm</a></em> <cite><a href="http://dragonosticism.wordpress.com/2008/12/10/deep-zoom-image-creation-with-python/" rel="external nofollow" class="url">Deep Zoom Image creation with Python « Dragonosticism</a></cite></div> + + <p>[...] +images into DZI format. In addition to Python, you’ll need the Python +Imaging Library. See his blog post for more information, along with an +analysis of why he chose DZI over other zooming [...]</p> + <br style="clear: both;"> + </div> +</li> + <li class="comment byuser comment-author-igilman odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-80"> + <div id="div-comment-80"> + <div class="cmtinfo"><em> on <a href="#comment-80" title="">December 10, 2008 at 11:12 pm</a></em> <img alt="" src="Viewing%20Large%20Images%20with%20Seadragon%20and%20Pythonhtml_files/06a26aadf9c62b93ec5d5d0154f6e3cf.png" class="avatar avatar-48" width="48" height="48"> <cite>igilman</cite></div> + + <p>Kapil,</p> +<p>Thank you for making this Python script! It’s a great service to the +Deep Zoom community. I’ve mentioned it now on my Dragonosticism blog: </p> +<p><a href="http://dragonosticism.wordpress.com/2008/12/10/deep-zoom-image-creation-with-python/" rel="nofollow">http://dragonosticism.wordpress.com/2008/12/10/deep-zoom-image-creation-with-python/</a></p> +<p>I tried it on a 5,000 pixel square image, and it worked perfectly. I +then tried it on the 20,000 pixel square World Wide Music Scene image +from the Seadragon Ajax Gallery, and it ground my system to a halt and +then failed with a memory error. This isn’t surprising, as most tools +break down at those sizes, but we’re hoping to help get us all past +that. </p> +<p>Are you planning on continuing to develop this script?</p> + <br style="clear: both;"> + </div> +</li> + <li class="comment byuser comment-author-kapilt bypostauthor even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-81"> + <div id="div-comment-81"> + <div class="cmtinfo"><em> on <a href="#comment-81" title="">December 11, 2008 at 2:52 pm</a></em> <img alt="" src="Viewing%20Large%20Images%20with%20Seadragon%20and%20Pythonhtml_files/55ebe3141eb327cb93a05159fd50d70a.png" class="avatar avatar-48" width="48" height="48"> <cite><a href="http://kapilt.wordpress.com/" rel="external nofollow" class="url">kapilt</a></cite></div> + + <p>@christopher +thanks for the clarifications regarding openlayers build profiles and +custom tile options. its a very capable project. I recently went to +SearchCampDC ( <a href="http://barcamp.org/SearchCampDC" rel="nofollow">http://barcamp.org/SearchCampDC</a> +) and saw several impressive gis applications built on top of +openlayers. However, for this particular use primarily as a large image +viewer, the continuous/fluid zoom offered by deepzoom offers a better +end user experience imo.</p> +<p>@igilman for jpeg images, the memory usage seems to be total pixel +size (w*h) * 4.3. The largest image i’m working with is about 110M +pixels. I was unable to find the source image for the referenced world +wide music scene, and the very very large image group on flickr all +seem to be well below 110M pixels. most of the memory constraints seem +to be related to the underlying image functionality offered by the +python image library (PIL). While there are other cross platform +libraries, their installation and language bindings for python are +typically non trivial on non linux platforms (my production environment +for this app is solaris). In terms of future development, if there are +additional feature requests, i’m open to them, and if there is interest +i can set up a project on a hosted platform. alternatively if there’s +interest in folding this into a deep zoom hosted download, i’d be happy +to sign it over. outside of distribution as a python egg for easier +installation, and a verbose/progress option, i’m pretty happy with the +script.</p> + <br style="clear: both;"> + </div> +</li> + <li class="comment byuser comment-author-igilman odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-82"> + <div id="div-comment-82"> + <div class="cmtinfo"><em> on <a href="#comment-82" title="">December 11, 2008 at 7:02 pm</a></em> <img alt="" src="Viewing%20Large%20Images%20with%20Seadragon%20and%20Pythonhtml_files/06a26aadf9c62b93ec5d5d0154f6e3cf.png" class="avatar avatar-48" width="48" height="48"> <cite>igilman</cite></div> + + <p>@kapilt +The full music image isn’t available online. I agree it’s hard to find +big images; that’s one of the things we’re trying to fix! One large one +(half a gigapixel) is here:</p> +<p><a href="http://onemansblog.com/2008/04/04/gigapixel-photo-of-1906-san-francisco-earthquake-aftermath/" rel="nofollow">http://onemansblog.com/2008/04/04/gigapixel-photo-of-1906-san-francisco-earthquake-aftermath/</a></p> +<p>To deal with large images properly, you may have to get aggressive +about purging memory. The music image successfully loaded into memory, +and all but the highest resolution tile set was correctly created with +your script; it was just the last set of tiles where it ran out of +memory. </p> +<p>As for feature requests, besides handling larger images +successfully, the only other thing I’d want at the moment would be some +sort of progress indication (like a verbose mode). </p> +<p>I’ll continue pointing people in your direction, and we’ll see what +sort of interest the script gets. I’m excited about all the new +developments!</p> + <br style="clear: both;"> + </div> +</li> + <li class="comment byuser comment-author-gasi even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-83"> + <div id="div-comment-83"> + <div class="cmtinfo"><em> on <a href="#comment-83" title="">December 15, 2008 at 6:32 pm</a></em> <img alt="" src="Viewing%20Large%20Images%20with%20Seadragon%20and%20Pythonhtml_files/34e36e0508f23947d839a8bff4d413cd.jpeg" class="avatar avatar-48" width="48" height="48"> <cite><a href="http://gasi.ch/blog" rel="external nofollow" class="url">gasi</a></cite></div> + + <p>Hello Kapil<br> +First of all, thanks for referencing the articles on my blog —I’m glad they helped you out.</p> +<p>For anyone interested in incorporating very large images into their +applications, check out the open source OpenZoom framework I’ve started +at <a href="http://openzoom.org/" rel="nofollow">http://openzoom.org/</a><br> +Basically, OpenZoom provides you with some building blocks to create +ZUI applications like mapping, e-commerce, medical that need to present +multi-scale images in formats such as Zoomify, Deep Zoom or others in a +dynamic fashion.<br> +To see some examples of things you can do with OpenZoom, I encourage you to check out my blog <a href="http://gasi.ch/blog/flex-multiscaleimage-component/" rel="nofollow">http://gasi.ch/blog/flex-multiscaleimage-component/</a> or tandem, a proof of concept for browsing Flickr at <a href="http://tandem.gasi.ch/" rel="nofollow">http://tandem.gasi.ch/</a></p> +<p>Cheers,<br> +Daniel</p> + <br style="clear: both;"> + </div> +</li> + <li class="pingback odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-85"> + <div id="div-comment-85"> + <div class="cmtinfo"><em> on <a href="#comment-85" title="">December 19, 2008 at 3:34 am</a></em> <cite><a href="http://gasi.ch/blog/openzoom-description-format/" rel="external nofollow" class="url">OpenZoom Description Format — RTFM / Daniel Gasienica</a></cite></div> + + <p>[...] +Viewing Large Images - OpenLayers, GSIV, ModestMaps, DeepZoom, and +Python — Create Deep Zoom Images on Windows, Mac and Linux with Python +and PIL. 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